Introduction :
From smartphones to cars, super computers and home appliances, from home desktops to enterprise servers, the Linux operating system is everywhere.
Linux has been around since the 1990s and has since reached a user-base that spans the globe. Linux is indeed everywhere: it is in your phone, your thermostats, your cars, refrigerators, Roku appliances, and TVs. In addition to being the platform of choice for running desktop, server and embedded systems worldwide, Linux is one of the most reliable, secure and worry-free operating systems.
Like Windows, iOS and Mac OS, Linux is an operating system. In fact it is the most popular operating system software that manages all the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. Simply put, the operating system manages the communication between your software and your hardware. Without the operating system (OS), the software will not work.
What is Linux?
Linux is a free open source operating system (OS) based on UNIX, created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Users can modify and make changes to source code known as distributions to computers and other devices. The most common use is as a server, but Linux is also used in desktop computers, smartphones, e-book readers and gaming consoles etc. Linux distributions include the kernel (the central OS component and bridge between a software applications and its data), system utilities, download programs, and OS updates, and uninstall tools.
Here it is very important for you to understand that the operating system identifies the commands given by the user and implements them with the help of hardware. We all know that an operating system is a hardware resource to manage. Saving user's files etc. also works. Linux is a core operating system. In Linux almost all tasks are done by commands. Linux does not provide you with much graphical user interface. As many popular operating systems, such as Windows and Mac, have been covered by the graphical user interface to make them user friendly. However, at the core level they all function like linux. By working with Linux, you will know how an operating system actually works. Because in other popular operating systems all tasks are performed by GUI elements.
Because of this most of the user does not know that actually every GUI element (like button etc.) is being executed as a command. Here we would like to tell you that in Linux you will have a graphical user interface. No more than interact with the main program kernel of the direct operating system. There is a lot of similarity between Unix and linux. It is believed that if you take either of these two, then you can use the other easily. Linux is designed to conform to unix standards. Linux is a free and open source software. Which means a user can modify links coding on the internet for free and use it for commercial and personal use. It contains software that is based on Linux Kernel.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on UNIX, built in 1991. The Linux operating system comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) with some essential software, which is used on a daily basis. It is also used to run Linux in desktop computers, mobile devices, gaming consoles, digital storage devices, ebook readers, cameras, video recorders.
History of Linux -
Linux is closely connected to Unix. If you were comparing the definition of Linux and Unix, you would find that the former is basically an extension of the latter. Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. This inspired many technological developments and also enabled the Internet. Work on Unix began in 1969, the first version of which was completed in 1971. What made it unique was that it was written in the C programming language, it depends less on what date it works on the hardware. Unix, by definition, includes a clear, hierarchical organization of files as well as the advantage of the ability to run more than one operation or application at a time.
Over the following decades, attempts have been made to expand on the Unix formula with the idea of creating an open-source version of it. The GNU kernel (also known as the GNU Herd) is a prime example of such a version, which is now an essential part of the Free Software Foundation. Linux would later draw heavily from GNU code to the point where many today consider it the GNU kernel. But the first mention of Linux OS will not be until the 1990s. On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate at the University of Helsinki, announced that he would begin work on a new, Unix-like kernel.
The reason behind the decision stemmed from Linus' frustration with licensing for Linux's educational OS, which was based on Unix. Troubled by the loop loop hopping required to work with MINIX, he set out to build a free, open-source OS. Three years later, the first version of Linux was released by a whole team of developers and backers, who all saw the huge potential behind the project, since then, the number of Linux has been steadily increasing, and among its community and programmers Popularity has increased.
Linux is an operating system just like Unix, so let's first learn about UNIX. In the 1960s, UNIX, a AT&T company that worked in the field of electronics and communications, developed its own lab, which was developed at the Bell Laboratory, and UNIX had a monopoly over UNIX so it could not be sold. That is why the company gave Unix with its original source code to the government and Universities, and also said that they could make changes if they wanted, UNIX emerged as a very powerful operating system by the decade of UNIX, UNIX. There was constant change and development in UNIX because the source code of Unix could be changed and its source code could also be used.
In UNIX, it was difficult to understand and operate, to make it easy, computer science professor Andrew Tenenbaum created an open source operating system using Unix in 1987 called Minix MINIX ie Mini UNIX but it also has some shortcomings. Linus Torvald overcame the shortcomings of Minix and wrote a program in the assembly language called 'Unix of Linus' which was later known as Linux. The core or kernel was first introduced to the Linux operating system in 1991, although it was built using Unix, but still could not be called Unix because Unix is the registered trademarked product of the AT&T company and Linux was absolutely free software. Was made as
Components of Linux
Linux operating system mainly consists of three components
Kernel - The kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all the major activities of this operating system. It includes various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel provides the abstraction needed to hide low-level hardware details in a system or application program.
System libraries - System libraries are specialized functions or programs of Linux, using which application programs or system utilities access the features of the kernel. These libraries implement most of the functionality of the operating system and do not require access to the code of the kernel module.
System Utility - System utility programs are responsible for performing specific levels of work.
What is the difference between Unix and Linux?
You may have heard of Unix, an operating system developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others. Unix and Linux are similar in many ways, and in fact, Linux was originally created similar to Unix. Both have similar devices for interfacing with systems, programming tools, filesystem layouts, and other key components. However, Unix is not independent. Over the years, many different operating systems have been created that attempt to be "Unix-like" or "Unix-compatible", but Linux has been the most successful, surpassing its predecessors in popularity.
What is Linux Kernel ?
Linux Kernel is the central module of the kernel operating system. This is the part of the operating system that is first loaded and then transferred to main memory. kernel is the interface to interact with hardware in any computer.
Features of Linux
1. Linux is portable
Linux is written in C programming language which is not related to any type of computer hardware. It is capable of running on any type of computer like PCAT, MACINTOS
2. Linux is a multi user and multitasking O.S.
Multi-user facilities provided in Linux are more powerful than other operating systems, Linux can have multiple user accounts in the same way as other operating systems, but at the same time many users can do their work by login one. You can choose your own desk top. And can be given its own separate directory password, that is, no user can make any changes in the directory of another user.
3. Network information service
A network structure is created to connect several computers of different types and use them. Which is called networking. Linux is specifically developed to work in networking. Through Linux we can share the password and divide the files into groups and use them on the network.
4. Multitasking
In Linux, a program is broken down into smaller tasks. Multitasking is the ability of the operating system to perform many tasks simultaneously.
5. Virtual Memory
If we edit a large program or application. So we need some physical memory which is stored in the hard disk and can be used when needed.
6. Linux is network friendly
Linux is a network-friendly operating system, the use of Linux is increasing day by day and even various application software such as antivirus etc. is becoming necessary to be updated through the internet on time, which means that slowly every computer user It has become necessary to stay connected with the internet, so it is only natural that after the popularity and development of the internet, Also the operating systems are equipped with powerful tools related to the internet. Today, compatibility of any network has become an important criterion to test it, because many programmers have developed themselves together through the internet, so in particular, the Internet More prioritized Linux operating system in itself Strong Internet service provider ability to function Everything hurts as well as it can act as a client or server on any operating system
7. Linux is open
With Linux distribution its source code is also available which we can change as per our requirement, in that sense Linux is an open system.
8. Multiprogramming
Linux is a multigroming system, which means that many applications can run at the same time.
9. Hierarchical File System
Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files / user files are organized.
10. Shell
Linux provides a special interpreter program that can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to program a variety of operations, call applications.
11. Security
Linux provides user protection such as password protection / controlled access to specific files / encryption of data.
What is a "Linux distribution?"
Linux has many different versions for any type of user. From new users to hard-core users, you'll get Linux's "Flavor" to match your needs. These versions are called distributions (or, for short, "distros"). Almost every distribution of Linux can be downloaded for free, burned to disk (or USB thumb drive), and installed.
Popular Linux distributions include:
Each distribution has a different look on the desktop. Some opt for very modern user interfaces (such as GNOME and Pantheon of Elementary OS), while others use more traditional desktop environments (such as the use of KDE).And my favorite linux destribution is Ubuntu.
Linux Architecture
The architecture of Linux systems consists of the following layers -
Hardware layer - Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM / HDD / CPU etc.).
Kernel - It is the core component of the operating system, interacts directly with the hardware, providing lower level services to the upper layer components.
Shell - This is an interface for the kernel, hiding the complexity of the kernel's functions from users. The shell takes commands from the user and performs the functions of the kernel.
Utilities - Utilities programs that provide the user with most of the functionality of an operating system.
Why use Linux?
This is a question that most people ask. Why bother learning a completely different computing environment when operating systems that work with completely different desktop environments, laptops and servers work fine? To answer that question, I will raise another question, is that operating system you are currently actually working on? just okay ?? Or, do you find yourself struggling with obstacles like viruses, malware, slow downs, crashes, expensive repairs and license fees?
If you struggle with the above, then Linux may be the right platform for you. Linux has evolved into one of the most reliable computer ecosystems on the planet. Combine that reliability with zero entry costs and you have the right solution for the desktop platform. This is the right, zero cost for entry ... for free. You can install Linux on multiple computers without paying a cent for a software or server license.
Let's look at the cost of Linux Server compared to Windows Server 2016. Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition is priced at $ 882.00 USD (purchased directly from Microsoft). This includes client access licenses (CALs) and licenses for other software that you may need to run (such as a database, a web server, mail server, etc.). For example, a single user CAL for Windows Server 2016 costs $ 38.00. If you need to add 10 users, for example, $ 388.00 more dollars for a server software license, with Linux servers, it's all free and easy to install. In fact, setting up a full-blown web server (which includes a database server) is just a few clicks or commands (take a look; easy LAMP server installation? To get an idea how simple it can be) .
If zero cost is not enough to win you over? As long as you use it. Until then, what about an operating system that is trouble-free? I have used Linux for almost 20 years (as a desktop and server platform) and have no problems with ransomware, malware, or viruses. Linux is generally much less vulnerable to such attacks. As for server reboots, they are required only when the kernel is updated. This is not common for Linux servers for years without rebooting. If you regularly follow recommended updates, stability and dependability are practically assured.
if you want to know about Android then click the link given below -
Information About Android
if you want to know about iOS then click the link given below -
Information About iOS
subscribe for more updates , share this post to more and more people , follow us you will find follow button on sidebar.And finally have a nice.
From smartphones to cars, super computers and home appliances, from home desktops to enterprise servers, the Linux operating system is everywhere.
Linux has been around since the 1990s and has since reached a user-base that spans the globe. Linux is indeed everywhere: it is in your phone, your thermostats, your cars, refrigerators, Roku appliances, and TVs. In addition to being the platform of choice for running desktop, server and embedded systems worldwide, Linux is one of the most reliable, secure and worry-free operating systems.
Like Windows, iOS and Mac OS, Linux is an operating system. In fact it is the most popular operating system software that manages all the hardware resources associated with your desktop or laptop. Simply put, the operating system manages the communication between your software and your hardware. Without the operating system (OS), the software will not work.
What is Linux?
Linux is a free open source operating system (OS) based on UNIX, created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Users can modify and make changes to source code known as distributions to computers and other devices. The most common use is as a server, but Linux is also used in desktop computers, smartphones, e-book readers and gaming consoles etc. Linux distributions include the kernel (the central OS component and bridge between a software applications and its data), system utilities, download programs, and OS updates, and uninstall tools.
Here it is very important for you to understand that the operating system identifies the commands given by the user and implements them with the help of hardware. We all know that an operating system is a hardware resource to manage. Saving user's files etc. also works. Linux is a core operating system. In Linux almost all tasks are done by commands. Linux does not provide you with much graphical user interface. As many popular operating systems, such as Windows and Mac, have been covered by the graphical user interface to make them user friendly. However, at the core level they all function like linux. By working with Linux, you will know how an operating system actually works. Because in other popular operating systems all tasks are performed by GUI elements.
Because of this most of the user does not know that actually every GUI element (like button etc.) is being executed as a command. Here we would like to tell you that in Linux you will have a graphical user interface. No more than interact with the main program kernel of the direct operating system. There is a lot of similarity between Unix and linux. It is believed that if you take either of these two, then you can use the other easily. Linux is designed to conform to unix standards. Linux is a free and open source software. Which means a user can modify links coding on the internet for free and use it for commercial and personal use. It contains software that is based on Linux Kernel.
Linux is an open-source operating system based on UNIX, built in 1991. The Linux operating system comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) with some essential software, which is used on a daily basis. It is also used to run Linux in desktop computers, mobile devices, gaming consoles, digital storage devices, ebook readers, cameras, video recorders.
History of Linux -
Linux is closely connected to Unix. If you were comparing the definition of Linux and Unix, you would find that the former is basically an extension of the latter. Unix is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. This inspired many technological developments and also enabled the Internet. Work on Unix began in 1969, the first version of which was completed in 1971. What made it unique was that it was written in the C programming language, it depends less on what date it works on the hardware. Unix, by definition, includes a clear, hierarchical organization of files as well as the advantage of the ability to run more than one operation or application at a time.
Over the following decades, attempts have been made to expand on the Unix formula with the idea of creating an open-source version of it. The GNU kernel (also known as the GNU Herd) is a prime example of such a version, which is now an essential part of the Free Software Foundation. Linux would later draw heavily from GNU code to the point where many today consider it the GNU kernel. But the first mention of Linux OS will not be until the 1990s. On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish graduate at the University of Helsinki, announced that he would begin work on a new, Unix-like kernel.
The reason behind the decision stemmed from Linus' frustration with licensing for Linux's educational OS, which was based on Unix. Troubled by the loop loop hopping required to work with MINIX, he set out to build a free, open-source OS. Three years later, the first version of Linux was released by a whole team of developers and backers, who all saw the huge potential behind the project, since then, the number of Linux has been steadily increasing, and among its community and programmers Popularity has increased.
Linux is an operating system just like Unix, so let's first learn about UNIX. In the 1960s, UNIX, a AT&T company that worked in the field of electronics and communications, developed its own lab, which was developed at the Bell Laboratory, and UNIX had a monopoly over UNIX so it could not be sold. That is why the company gave Unix with its original source code to the government and Universities, and also said that they could make changes if they wanted, UNIX emerged as a very powerful operating system by the decade of UNIX, UNIX. There was constant change and development in UNIX because the source code of Unix could be changed and its source code could also be used.
In UNIX, it was difficult to understand and operate, to make it easy, computer science professor Andrew Tenenbaum created an open source operating system using Unix in 1987 called Minix MINIX ie Mini UNIX but it also has some shortcomings. Linus Torvald overcame the shortcomings of Minix and wrote a program in the assembly language called 'Unix of Linus' which was later known as Linux. The core or kernel was first introduced to the Linux operating system in 1991, although it was built using Unix, but still could not be called Unix because Unix is the registered trademarked product of the AT&T company and Linux was absolutely free software. Was made as
Components of Linux
Linux operating system mainly consists of three components
Kernel - The kernel is the core part of Linux. It is responsible for all the major activities of this operating system. It includes various modules and it interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel provides the abstraction needed to hide low-level hardware details in a system or application program.
System libraries - System libraries are specialized functions or programs of Linux, using which application programs or system utilities access the features of the kernel. These libraries implement most of the functionality of the operating system and do not require access to the code of the kernel module.
System Utility - System utility programs are responsible for performing specific levels of work.
What is the difference between Unix and Linux?
You may have heard of Unix, an operating system developed in the 1970s at Bell Labs by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others. Unix and Linux are similar in many ways, and in fact, Linux was originally created similar to Unix. Both have similar devices for interfacing with systems, programming tools, filesystem layouts, and other key components. However, Unix is not independent. Over the years, many different operating systems have been created that attempt to be "Unix-like" or "Unix-compatible", but Linux has been the most successful, surpassing its predecessors in popularity.
What is Linux Kernel ?
Linux Kernel is the central module of the kernel operating system. This is the part of the operating system that is first loaded and then transferred to main memory. kernel is the interface to interact with hardware in any computer.
Features of Linux
1. Linux is portable
Linux is written in C programming language which is not related to any type of computer hardware. It is capable of running on any type of computer like PCAT, MACINTOS
2. Linux is a multi user and multitasking O.S.
Multi-user facilities provided in Linux are more powerful than other operating systems, Linux can have multiple user accounts in the same way as other operating systems, but at the same time many users can do their work by login one. You can choose your own desk top. And can be given its own separate directory password, that is, no user can make any changes in the directory of another user.
3. Network information service
A network structure is created to connect several computers of different types and use them. Which is called networking. Linux is specifically developed to work in networking. Through Linux we can share the password and divide the files into groups and use them on the network.
4. Multitasking
In Linux, a program is broken down into smaller tasks. Multitasking is the ability of the operating system to perform many tasks simultaneously.
5. Virtual Memory
If we edit a large program or application. So we need some physical memory which is stored in the hard disk and can be used when needed.
6. Linux is network friendly
Linux is a network-friendly operating system, the use of Linux is increasing day by day and even various application software such as antivirus etc. is becoming necessary to be updated through the internet on time, which means that slowly every computer user It has become necessary to stay connected with the internet, so it is only natural that after the popularity and development of the internet, Also the operating systems are equipped with powerful tools related to the internet. Today, compatibility of any network has become an important criterion to test it, because many programmers have developed themselves together through the internet, so in particular, the Internet More prioritized Linux operating system in itself Strong Internet service provider ability to function Everything hurts as well as it can act as a client or server on any operating system
7. Linux is open
With Linux distribution its source code is also available which we can change as per our requirement, in that sense Linux is an open system.
8. Multiprogramming
Linux is a multigroming system, which means that many applications can run at the same time.
9. Hierarchical File System
Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files / user files are organized.
10. Shell
Linux provides a special interpreter program that can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to program a variety of operations, call applications.
11. Security
Linux provides user protection such as password protection / controlled access to specific files / encryption of data.
What is a "Linux distribution?"
Linux has many different versions for any type of user. From new users to hard-core users, you'll get Linux's "Flavor" to match your needs. These versions are called distributions (or, for short, "distros"). Almost every distribution of Linux can be downloaded for free, burned to disk (or USB thumb drive), and installed.
Popular Linux distributions include:
- LINUX MINT
- MANJARO
- DEBIAN
- UBUNTU
- ANTERGOS
- SOLUS
- FEDORA
- ELEMENTARY OS
- OPENSUSE
Each distribution has a different look on the desktop. Some opt for very modern user interfaces (such as GNOME and Pantheon of Elementary OS), while others use more traditional desktop environments (such as the use of KDE).And my favorite linux destribution is Ubuntu.
Linux Architecture
The architecture of Linux systems consists of the following layers -
Hardware layer - Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM / HDD / CPU etc.).
Kernel - It is the core component of the operating system, interacts directly with the hardware, providing lower level services to the upper layer components.
Shell - This is an interface for the kernel, hiding the complexity of the kernel's functions from users. The shell takes commands from the user and performs the functions of the kernel.
Utilities - Utilities programs that provide the user with most of the functionality of an operating system.
Why use Linux?
This is a question that most people ask. Why bother learning a completely different computing environment when operating systems that work with completely different desktop environments, laptops and servers work fine? To answer that question, I will raise another question, is that operating system you are currently actually working on? just okay ?? Or, do you find yourself struggling with obstacles like viruses, malware, slow downs, crashes, expensive repairs and license fees?
If you struggle with the above, then Linux may be the right platform for you. Linux has evolved into one of the most reliable computer ecosystems on the planet. Combine that reliability with zero entry costs and you have the right solution for the desktop platform. This is the right, zero cost for entry ... for free. You can install Linux on multiple computers without paying a cent for a software or server license.
Let's look at the cost of Linux Server compared to Windows Server 2016. Windows Server 2016 Standard Edition is priced at $ 882.00 USD (purchased directly from Microsoft). This includes client access licenses (CALs) and licenses for other software that you may need to run (such as a database, a web server, mail server, etc.). For example, a single user CAL for Windows Server 2016 costs $ 38.00. If you need to add 10 users, for example, $ 388.00 more dollars for a server software license, with Linux servers, it's all free and easy to install. In fact, setting up a full-blown web server (which includes a database server) is just a few clicks or commands (take a look; easy LAMP server installation? To get an idea how simple it can be) .
If zero cost is not enough to win you over? As long as you use it. Until then, what about an operating system that is trouble-free? I have used Linux for almost 20 years (as a desktop and server platform) and have no problems with ransomware, malware, or viruses. Linux is generally much less vulnerable to such attacks. As for server reboots, they are required only when the kernel is updated. This is not common for Linux servers for years without rebooting. If you regularly follow recommended updates, stability and dependability are practically assured.
if you want to know about Android then click the link given below -
Information About Android
if you want to know about iOS then click the link given below -
Information About iOS
subscribe for more updates , share this post to more and more people , follow us you will find follow button on sidebar.And finally have a nice.
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